9급 국가직 영어 2023년 기출문제

Jane wanted to have a small wedding rather than a fancy one. Thus, she planned to invite her family and a few of her intimate friends to eat delicious food and have some pleasant moments.

The incessant public curiosity and consumer demand due to the health benefits with lesser cost has increased the interest in functional foods.

Because of the pandemic, the company had to hold off the plan to provide the workers with various training programs.

The new Regional Governor said he would abide by the decision of the High Court to release the prisoner.

While advances in transplant technology have made ① it possible to extend the life of individuals with end-stage organ disease, it is argued ② that the biomedical view of organ transplantation as a bounded event, which ends once a heart or kidney is successfully replaced, ③ conceal the complex and dynamic process that more ④ accurately represents the experience of receiving an organ.

Are you getting enough choline? Chances are, this nutrient isn’t even on your radar. It’s time choline gets the attention it deserves. A shocking 90 percent of Americans aren’t getting enough choline, according to a recent study. Choline is essential to health at all ages and stages, and is especially critical for brain development. Why aren’t we getting enough? Choline is found in many different foods but in small amounts. Plus, the foods that are rich in choline aren’t the most popular: think liver, egg yolks and lima beans. Taylor Wallace, who worked on a recent analysis of choline intake in the United States, says, “There isn’t enough awareness about choline even among health-care professionals because our government hasn’t reviewed the data or set policies around choline since the late ’90s.”

Around 1700 there were, by some accounts, more than 2,000 London coffeehouses, occupying more premises and paying more rent than any other trade. They came to be known as penny universities, because for that price one could purchase a cup of coffee and sit for hours listening to extraordinary conversations. Each coffeehouse specialized in a different type of clientele. In one, physicians could be consulted. Others served Protestants, Puritans, Catholics, Jews, literati, merchants, traders, Whigs, Tories, army officers, actors, lawyers, or clergy. The coffeehouses provided England’s first egalitarian meeting place, where a man chatted with his tablemates whether he knew them or not.

A: I got this new skin cream from a drugstore yesterday. It is supposed to remove all wrinkles and make your skin look much younger.

B: __________________________

A: Why don’t you believe it? I’ve read in a few blogs that the cream really works.

B: I assume that the cream is good for your skin, but I don’t think that it is possible to get rid of wrinkles or magically look younger by using a cream.

A: You are so pessimistic.

B: No, I’m just being realistic. I think you are being gullible.

A: I’d like to go sightseeing downtown. Where do you think I should go?

B: I strongly suggest you visit the national art gallery.

A: Oh, that’s a great idea. What else should I check out?

B: _____________________________________________

A: I don’t have time for that. I need to meet a client at three.

B: Oh, I see. Why don’t you visit the national park, then?

A: That sounds good. Thank you!

The feeling of being loved and the biological response it stimulates is triggered by nonverbal cues: the tone in a voice, the expression on a face, or the touch that feels just right. Nonverbal cues ― rather than spoken words ― make us feel that the person we are with is interested in, understands, and values us. When we’re with them, we feel safe. We even see the power of nonverbal cues in the wild. After evading the chase of predators, animals often nuzzle each other as a means of stress relief. This bodily contact provides reassurance of safety and relieves stress.

There are times, like holidays and birthdays, when toys and gifts accumulate in a child’s life. You can use these times to teach a healthy nondependency on things. Don’t surround your child with toys. Instead, arrange them in baskets, have one basket out at a time, and rotate baskets occasionally. If a cherished object is put away for a time, bringing it out creates a delightful remembering and freshness of outlook. Suppose your child asks for a toy that has been put away for a while. You can direct attention toward an object or experience that is already in the environment. If you lose or break a possession, try to model a good attitude (“I appreciated it while I had it!”) so that your child can begin to develop an attitude of nonattachment. If a toy of hers is broken or lost, help her to say, “I had fun with that.”

Many parents have been misguided by the “self-esteem movement,” which has told them that the way to build their children’s self-esteem is to tell them how good they are at things. Unfortunately, trying to convince your children of their competence will likely fail because life has a way of telling them unequivocally how capable or incapable they really are through success and failure. Research has shown that how you praise your children has a powerful influence on their development. Some researchers found that children who were praised for their intelligence, as compared to their effort, became overly focused on results. Following a failure, these same children persisted less, showed less enjoyment, attributed their failure to a lack of ability, and performed poorly in future achievement efforts. Praising children for intelligence made them fear difficulty because they began to equate failure with stupidity.

In recent years, the increased popularity of online marketing and social media sharing has boosted the need for advertising standardization for global brands. Most big marketing and advertising campaigns include a large online presence. Connected consumers can now zip easily across borders via the internet and social media, making it difficult for advertisers to roll out adapted campaigns in a controlled, orderly fashion. As a result, most global consumer brands coordinate their digital sites internationally. For example, Coca-Cola web and social media sites around the world, from Australia and Argentina to France, Romania, and Russia, are surprisingly __________. All feature splashes of familiar Coke red, iconic Coke bottle shapes, and Coca-Cola’s music and “Taste the Feeling” themes.

In our monthly surveys of 5,000 American workers and 500 U.S. employers, a huge shift to hybrid work is abundantly clear for office and knowledge workers. ① An emerging norm is three days a week in the office and two at home, cutting days on site by 30 % or more. You might think this cutback would bring a huge drop in the demand for office space. ② But our survey data suggests cuts in office space of 1 % to 2 % on average, implying big reductions in density not space. We can understand why. High density at the office is uncomfortable and many workers dislike crowds around their desks. ③ Most employees want to work from home on Mondays and Fridays. Discomfort with density extends to lobbies, kitchens, and especially elevators. ④ The only sure-fire way to reduce density is to cut days on site without cutting square footage as much. Discomfort with density is here to stay according to our survey evidence.

They installed video cameras at places known for illegal crossings, and put live video feeds from the cameras on a Web site.

Immigration reform is a political minefield. ( ① ) About the only aspect of immigration policy that commands broad political support is the resolve to secure the U.S. border with Mexico to limit the flow of illegal immigrants. ( ② ) Texas sheriffs recently developed a novel use of the Internet to help them keep watch on the border. ( ③ ) Citizens who want to help monitor the border can go online and serve as “virtual Texas deputies.” ( ④ ) If they see anyone trying to cross the border, they send a report to the sheriff’s office, which follows up, sometimes with the help of the U.S. Border Patrol.

All civilizations rely on government administration. Perhaps no civilization better exemplifies this than ancient Rome.

(A) To rule an area that large, the Romans, based in what is now central Italy, needed an effective system of government administration.

(B) Actually, the word “civilization” itself comes from the Latin word civis, meaning “citizen.”

(C) Latin was the language of ancient Rome, whose territory stretched from the Mediterranean basin all the way to parts of Great Britain in the north and the Black Sea to the east.

Over the last fifty years, all major subdisciplines in psychology have become more and more isolated from each other as training becomes increasingly specialized and narrow in focus. As some psychologists have long argued, if the field of psychology is to mature and advance scientifically, its disparate parts (for example, neuroscience, developmental, cognitive, personality, and social) must become whole and integrated again. Science advances when distinct topics become theoretically and empirically integrated under simplifying theoretical frameworks. Psychology of science will encourage collaboration among psychologists from various sub-areas, helping the field achieve coherence rather than continued fragmentation. In this way, psychology of science might act as a template for psychology as a whole by integrating under one discipline all of the major fractions/factions within the field. It would be no small feat and of no small import if the psychology of science could become a model for the parent discipline on how to combine resources and study science ______________________.