9급 지방직 영어 2023년 기출문제

Further explanations on our project will be given in subsequent presentations.

Folkways are customs that members of a group are expected to follow to show courtesy to others. For example, saying “excuse me” when you sneeze is an American folkway.

These children have been brought up on a diet of healthy food.

Slavery was not done away with until the nineteenth century in the U.S.

Voters demanded that there should be greater _________ in the election process so that they could see and understand it clearly.

One reason for upsets in sports—① in which the team ② predicted to win and supposedly superior to their opponents surprisingly loses the contest—is ③ what the superior team may not have perceived their opponents as ④ threatening to their continued success.

A: Pardon me, but could you give me a hand, please?

B: ________________________________________________

A: I’m trying to find the Personnel Department. I have an appointment at 10.

B: It’s on the third floor.

A: How can I get up there?

B: Take the elevator around the corner.

A: You were the last one who left the office, weren’t you?

B: Yes. Is there any problem?

A: I found the office lights and air conditioners on this morning.

B: Really? Oh, no. Maybe I forgot to turn them off last night.

A: Probably they were on all night.

B: ________________________________________________

Well-known author Daniel Goleman has dedicated his life to the science of human relationships. In his book Social Intelligence he discusses results from neuro-sociology to explain how sociable our brains are. According to Goleman, we are drawn to other people’s brains whenever we engage with another person. The human need for meaningful connectivity with others, in order to deepen our relationships, is what we all crave, and yet there are countless articles and studies suggesting that we are lonelier than we ever have been and loneliness is now a world health epidemic. Specifically, in Australia, according to a national Lifeline survey, more than 80 % of those surveyed believe our society is becoming a lonelier place. Yet, our brains crave human interaction.

Certainly some people are born with advantages (e.g., physical size for jockeys, height for basketball players, an “ear” for music for musicians). Yet only dedication to mindful, deliberate practice over many years can turn those advantages into talents and those talents into successes. Through the same kind of dedicated practice, people who are not born with such advantages can develop talents that nature put a little farther from their reach. For example, even though you may feel that you weren’t born with a talent for math, you can significantly increase your mathematical abilities through mindful, deliberate practice. Or, if you consider yourself “naturally” shy, putting in the time and effort to develop your social skills can enable you to interact with people at social occasions with energy, grace, and ease.

Dr. Roossinck and her colleagues found by chance that a virus increased resistance to drought on a plant that is widely used in botanical experiments. Their further experiments with a related virus showed that was true of 15 other plant species, too. Dr. Roossinck is now doing experiments to study another type of virus that increases heat tolerance in a range of plants. She hopes to extend her research to have a deeper understanding of the advantages that different sorts of viruses give to their hosts. That would help to support a view which is held by an increasing number of biologists, that many creatures rely on symbiosis, rather than being self-sufficient.

The traditional way of making maple syrup is interesting. A sugar maple tree produces a watery sap each spring, when there is still lots of snow on the ground. To take the sap out of the sugar maple tree, a farmer makes a slit in the bark with a special knife, and puts a “tap” on the tree. Then the farmer hangs a bucket from the tap, and the sap drips into it. That sap is collected and boiled until a sweet syrup remains—forty gallons of sugar maple tree “water” make one gallon of syrup. That’s a lot of buckets, a lot of steam, and a lot of work. Even so, most of maple syrup producers are family farmers who collect the buckets by hand and boil the sap into syrup themselves.

I once took a course in short-story writing and during that course a renowned editor of a leading magazine talked to our class. ① He said he could pick up any one of the dozens of stories that came to his desk every day and after reading a few paragraphs he could feel whether or not the author liked people. ② “If the author doesn’t like people,” he said, “people won’t like his or her stories.” ③ The editor kept stressing the importance of being interested in people during his talk on fiction writing. ④ Thurston, a great magician, said that every time he went on stage he said to himself, “I am grateful because I’m successful.” At the end of the talk, he concluded, “Let me tell you again. You have to be interested in people if you want to be a successful writer of stories.”

Just a few years ago, every conversation about artificial intelligence (AI) seemed to end with an apocalyptic prediction.

(A) More recently, however, things have begun to change. AI has gone from being a scary black box to something people can use for a variety of use cases.

(B) In 2014, an expert in the field said that, with AI, we are summoning the demon, while a Nobel Prize winning physicist said that AI could spell the end of the human race.

(C) This shift is because these technologies are finally being explored at scale in the industry, particularly for market opportunities.

Yet, requests for such self-assessments are pervasive throughout one’s career.

The fiscal quarter just ended. Your boss comes by to ask you how well you performed in terms of sales this quarter. How do you describe your performance? As excellent? Good? Terrible? ( ① ) Unlike when someone asks you about an objective performance metric (e.g., how many dollars in sales you brought in this quarter), how to subjectively describe your performance is often unclear. There is no right answer. ( ② ) You are asked to subjectively describe your own performance in school applications, in job applications, in interviews, in performance reviews, in meetings—the list goes on. ( ③ ) How you describe your performance is what we call your level of self-promotion. ( ④ ) Since self-promotion is a pervasive part of work, people who do more self-promotion may have better chances of being hired, being promoted, and getting a raise or a bonus.

We live in the age of anxiety. Because being anxious can be an uncomfortable and scary experience, we resort to conscious or unconscious strategies that help reduce anxiety in the moment—watching a movie or TV show, eating, video-game playing, and overworking. In addition, smartphones also provide a distraction any time of the day or night. Psychological research has shown that distractions serve as a common anxiety avoidance strategy. _________, however, these avoidance strategies make anxiety worse in the long run. Being anxious is like getting into quicksand—the more you fight it, the deeper you sink. Indeed, research strongly supports a well-known phrase that “What you resist, persists.”

How many different ways do you get information? Some people might have six different kinds of communications to answer—text messages, voice mails, paper documents, regular mail, blog posts, messages on different online services. Each of these is a type of in-box, and each must be processed on a continuous basis. It’s an endless process, but it doesn’t have to be exhausting or stressful. Getting your information management down to a more manageable level and into a productive zone starts by ____________________________. Every place you have to go to check your messages or to read your incoming information is an in-box, and the more you have, the harder it is to manage everything. Cut the number of in-boxes you have down to the smallest number possible for you still to function in the ways you need to.