9급 지방직 영어 2025년 기출문제

Some plant diseases are indeed difficult to ___________ because they can spread rapidly and easily, impacting multiple plants in a vast area.

In the business world, ___________ is highly valued as it showcases a person’s commitment to meeting deadlines and respecting others’ time.

Preliminary investigations indicate that some, if not all, of the clients’ money, ___________ to be $6 million in total, has found its way into unquoted companies and property purchases.

A: How many copies of the presentation materials do you think we’ll need?

B: 60 should be enough, but it’s always good to have extras.

A: True. Better safe than sorry. How many would you recommend then?

B: Let’s make it 75 just in case we have more attendees than expected like last time.

A: Good idea. _______________________________________?

B: Absolutely. We are going to have people asking for the presentation materials after the presentation.

A: Sure, that way everyone can easily have it whenever needed.

We tend ① to imagine Robin Hood and outlaws in general as fugitives because they defied the king’s officials and operated ② outside the law in the great forests of the kingdom. What we forget is that there ③ were an established process behind the creation of outlaws. On the whole, men did not choose to become outlaws; they ④ were made outlaws.

The olive tree was ① such a driving force in the economies of the Ancient Greek city-states ② that it was believed ③ to have been a gift of gods―namely from Athena, the goddess of wisdom, ④ whom Athens took its name.

The reason artificial blue light in devices can be so harmful in the evening is that it mimics the sun’s natural blue light―which confuses the body’s circadian clock. A study showed that viewing artificial blue light in the evening will push sleep-inducing melatonin hormones down drastically, disrupting bedtimes and affecting daytime behavior. But getting that same blue light from the sun, which contains a health-boosting full spectrum of light, does the opposite. According to the study, the more daytime blue light a person gets, the better defense they have against the harms of evening blue light from screens. Thus, packing the day with sunshine creates a blue-light build-up that helps counteract the consequences of that artificial light at night. In other words, the more sunlight exposure a child gets during the day, the better their brain can build a wall against the harms of artificial blue light later.

Usually toddlers picking things up from the ground means trouble.

(A) The family reported the find to the Israel Antiquities Authority, which determined it is a beetle-shaped seal from the Middle Bronze Age.

(B) But as 3-year-old Ziv Nitzan of Israel brushed away the sand on what seemed to be a rock, she revealed a nearly 4,000-year-old Egyptian artifact.

(C) Ziv was awarded a certificate for good citizenship, and the Heritage Minister of Israel said the seal “connects us to a grand story,” and that “even children can be a part of discovering history.”

However, according to Mike Tipton, a professor at University of Portsmouth, this is far from the quickest way of lowering your body temperature.

There are plenty of simple, scientifically supported techniques that will help you handle the heat. ( ① ) If you’re feeling the heat and somebody offers you a fan, it’s likely that you’ll try and cool your face first. ( ② ) Certainly, all that breeze on your face will stimulate cold receptors there, which will give you a very powerful sensation of comfort. But actually, it’s not going to extract the heat from your body. Instead, a better cooling strategy is to immerse your hands in cold water for 15 to 20 minutes. ( ③ ) Your hands have a high surface area to mass area―they have lots of blood flowing in them when you’re hot. ( ④ ) If your core temperature is hot, your body will send blood to the extremities in order to lose heat.

Scientists in the UK grew special tomatoes with extra vitamin D, which is important for people’s health. Vitamin D deficiency affects about one billion people worldwide. ① Tomatoes naturally contain a substance that gets converted into vitamin D. ② The team altered the genes of the tomato plants, breeding them to have more of this substance than usual. ③ Each tomato came to have about as much vitamin D as two medium-sized eggs. ④ Moreover, tomatoes are commonly eaten raw in salads and served as a cooked vegetable. The scientists think the technique could be used with other foods, too.

A hunter-gatherer in the Stone Age knew how to make her own clothes, how to start a fire, how to hunt rabbits and how to escape lions. We think we know far more today, but as individuals, we actually know far less. We rely on the expertise of others for almost all our needs. In one humbling experiment, people were asked to evaluate how well they understood the workings of an ordinary zipper. Most people confidently replied that they understood zippers very well―after all, they use them all the time. They were then asked to describe in as much detail as possible all the steps involved in the zipper’s operation. Most people had no idea. This is what Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach have termed ‘the knowledge illusion’. We think we know a lot, even though individually we know very little, because we treat knowledge ___________________________ as if it were our own.

A gazelle on the African savanna is trying not to be eaten by cheetahs, but it is also trying to outrun other gazelles when a cheetah attacks. What matters to the gazelle is being faster than other gazelles, not being faster than cheetahs. In the same way, psychologists sometimes wonder why people are endowed with the ability to learn the part of Hamlet or understand calculus when neither skill was of much use to mankind in the primitive conditions where his intellect was shaped. Einstein would probably have been as hopeless as anybody in working out how to catch a woolly rhinoceros. Nicholas Humphrey, a Cambridge psychologist, was the first to see clearly the solution to this puzzle. We use our intellects not to solve practical problems but to outwit each other. Deceiving people, detecting deceit, understanding people’s motives, manipulating people―these are what intellect is used for. So what matters is ________________________________.