9급 지방직 영어 2012년 기출문제

A _____________ gene is one that produces a particular characteristic regardless of whether a person has only one of these genes from one parent, or two of them.

The commander of this ship ought to command the ship's course and also command the justice, peace and sobriety both among the seamen and all the passengers.

The government is now trying to ______________ the uprising with the help of some outside forces.

The newly appointed minister said, “No development can ㉠ at the cost of people's rights because it is basic and fundamental. So any development will have to first ㉡ the people's rights.”

A : The first thing you should consider when buying a used car is the mileage.

B : That's what I've heard. __________________________.

A : Yes. You should always look at the amount of rust it has.

B : That's good to know.

A : Hello, Susan.

B : Hello, David. Are you and Mary free this Saturday?

A : Saturday? She would go shopping, but I'm not sure. Why do you ask?

B : I thought I would invite you guys to dinner.

A : Well, let me check again with her and give you a ring this evening.

B : Sounds good. ________________________________.

A mutual aid group is a place ① where an individual brings a problem and asks for assistance. As the group members offer help to the individual with the problem, they are also helping ② themselves. Each group member can make associations to a similar ③ concern. This is one of the important ways in which ④ give help in a mutual aid group is a form of self-help.

그 회사의 마케팅 전략은 대금을 신용카드로 지불하는 것에 익숙한 소비자들을 겨냥하고 있다.

In 2003, Amos Tversky, my younger colleague, and I met over lunch and shared our recurrent errors of judgement. From there were born our studies of human intuition. We could spend hours of solid work in continuous delight. As we were writing our first paper, I was conscious of how much better it was than the more hesitant piece I would have written by myself. We did almost all the work on our joint projects together, including the drafting of questionnaires. Our principle was to discuss every disagreement until it had been resolved to our mutual satisfaction. If I expressed a half-formed idea, I knew that Amos would understand it, probably more clearly than I did. We shared the wonder of owning a goose that could lay golden eggs.

Americans have ambivalent feelings about neighbors. This ambivalence reflects the tension we feel over our loyalties to group and to self and which of the two takes precedence. In other cultures, the group clearly takes precedence. __________, in the United States, we draw boundaries around individuals and circumscribe their “space”. We conceptualize this space as privacy which protects the individual from the outside and from others. It is a concept that many foreigners find odd, even offensive. But again, it is the individual that is valued over the group, whether that group is a family, corporation, or community.

Vegans(strict vegetarians) do not eat meat, fish, poultry, eggs, or animals' milk. They think it is cruel to make a cow produce milk all the time. Therefore, they avoid any ㉠ from milk such as yogurt, cheese, and butter. Most vegans avoid eating honey because bees are killed when they produce honey. As for eggs, chickens suffer as they are put in cages all their lives to lay eggs continuously. Vegans eat ㉡ for these foods, which they can get in vegan stores. These may be vitamins from seaweed or soy.

Language alone is not enough to explain the rise of modern nationalism. Even language is a shorthand for the sense of belonging together, of sharing the same memories, the same historical experience, the same cultural and imaginative heritage. When in the eighteenth century, nationalism began to form as a modern movement, its forerunners in many parts of Europe were not soldiers and statesmen but scholars and poets who sought to find in ancient legends and half forgotten folksongs the “soul” of the nation. But it was language that enshrined the memories, the common experience and the historical record.

Religion plays an extremely important role in American cultural life. Predominantly Christian, the country possesses two main religious forces: Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. In America today, two-thirds of all church-going people belong to one of three faiths － Baptist, Methodist, and Roman Catholic － which claimed memberships in 1976 of 26 million, 13 million, and 49 million persons, respectively. Besides these three faiths, there are many others, both Christian and non-Christian, including a large and influential Jewish community and several other faiths without a European historical base, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Mormonism.

Today's consumers are faced with a wider range of choices than ever before. To buy economically, as well as to protect the environment, follow these basic principles. Before making any purchase, do your research. Select products made from renewable resources, such as wood and wool. Buy reusable products. For example, buy washable cloth towels rather than paper cups. Buy local produce that is in season. It is usually cheaper and fresher and has less impact on the environment. Look for all-natural, non-toxic products that break down without leaving harmful residues in the environment.

Globalization has its upsides and downsides. Countries like China adopt a basically proglobalization strategy, adapt it to their own political, social, and economic conditions, and reap the benefits. Of course, there are costs to this growth as well － in terms of environment, social cohesion, and economic equality, which each government needs to monitor and mitigate － but let's stop downplaying the economic benefits, and let's stop pretending that the antiglobalization advocates have any realistic strategy for bringing many people out of poverty quickly. There are many speeds that a country can go at down this globalization path － each country has to choose the right speed for its particular social and political circumstances. But there is only one right direction.

Over the course of history it has been artists, poets and playwrights who have made the greatest progress in humanity's understanding of love. Romance has seemed as inexplicable as the beauty of a rainbow. But these days scientists are challenging that notion, and they have rather a lot to say about how and why people love each other. For a start, understanding the neurochemical pathways that regulate social attachments may help to deal with defects in people's ability to form relationships. All relationships rely on an ability to create and maintain social ties. Defects can be disabling, and become apparent as disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Research is also shedding light on some of the more extreme forms of sexual behaviour. And some utopian groups see such work as the doorway to a future where love is guaranteed because it will be provided chemically, or even genetically engineered from conception.

According to the passage above, scientists now consider love as something _________.

Zoologists at SUNY have observed how sea turtles develop into males or females. Turtle eggs that lie in the sand at cool temperatures produce male turtles. And eggs that incubate at about 5 degrees higher produce females. If dinosaurs were like modern turtles, a sudden drop in temperature for even a short time may have simply eliminated all females from the species. Under stress, some female lizards that are alive today, reproduce hermaphroditically, that is, all by themselves. But male lizards cannot manage on their own. The world of the dinosaurs may have ended initially with a bang, as volcanoes erupted or an asteroid crashed. But then, as lonely males sought fruitlessly for mates, it may have simply faded away, with a whimper.

The fighting escalates to a place where you no longer feel like you're understood by your partner. Physical intimacy stops, communication stops, and you are living like roommates. Resentment builds, and you get in your head too much. You are no longer about feelings, and you start punishing each other. The next step is you fight less. When you get to the breakup point, you actually fight less with your partner. You fight less because in your mind and heart you start detaching yourself from the other person, and you don't care as much anymore. You have already made a determination that he doesn't understand you, that he will never understand you, and that the relationship just won't work out. The minute you get into a fight, you just walk away from it. That is a sure sign that you are at the breakup point.