[9급 국가직 영어 2015년 19번]

The chimpanzee － who puts two sticks together in order to get at a banana because no one of the two is long enough to do the job － uses intelligence. So do we all when we go about our business, "figuring out" how to do things. Intelligence, in this sense, is taking things for granted as they are, making combinations which have the purpose of facilitating their manipulation; intelligence is thought in the service of biological survival. Reason, ㉠ , aims at understanding; it tries to find out what is beneath the surface, to recognize the kernel, the essence of the reality which surrounds us. Reason is not without a function, but its function is not to further physical as much as mental and spiritual existence. ㉡ , often in individual and social life, reason is required in order to predict (considering that prediction often depends on recognition of forces which operate underneath the surface), and prediction sometimes is necessary even for physical survival.